Human Machine Collaboration

Exploring how the human-machine team can best collaborate to keep the skies safe

Human Machine Collaboration

Human-Machine Collaboration (HMC) is a strategic research theme at NATS that explores how humans and machines can work together more effectively to deliver safe, efficient and sustainable air traffic management (ATM) in increasingly complex operational environments. As automation and artificial intelligence (AI) become more embedded in ATM systems, our focus is shifting from decision support to true decision-making partnerships between humans and machines.

Our research investigates the evolving roles of air traffic controllers and automated systems, asking critical questions such as: What should be automated? How do we assure safety in decision-making automation? And how can we maintain resilience when operational responsibilities are shared between humans and machines?

To answer these questions, NATS has developed a suite of frameworks and methodologies through projects such as:

  • A2URE – a safety-assured approach to automation in decision-making.
  • SONIC – a feasibility and benefit assessment tool for automation integration.
  • WREN – a resilience engineering framework to anticipate and mitigate automation risks.
  • WIZARD – a rapid prototyping initiative using ‘Wizard of Oz’ techniques to explore early-stage AI concepts.

These efforts are supported by a growing community of practice within NATS, which connects R&D teams, technical leads and external collaborators to share insights and build a robust knowledge base.

We are also actively engaged in external partnerships, including work with the University of York’s Centre for Assuring Autonomy to explore novel approaches to automation certification and draw inspiration from other industries.

Human-Machine Collaboration is a key enabler of NATS’ 2040 strategy. It underpins our work on future ATM operations, integrated traffic management, and environmental sustainability. By taking a lifecycle view—from concept to deployment—we aim to ensure that automation enhances human capability rather than replaces it, and that our systems remain safe, trusted and resilient.

This research is also informing regulatory engagement, with insights shared through the HMC community of practice and used to support discussions with the UK regulator and third-party analysts.

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